Added time · the second-half clock
How long do referees really add on?
Tight games get the most added time by score margin at 90'
Added time, two ways by referee, or by team's game state at 90'
Ordered by minutes added, not ranked.
No referee is detectably different from what his own matches predict — every gap sits inside
the error, which means can't detect, not doesn't exist.
Why we don't crown one →
| # | Referee | Matches | Avg 2nd-half added | Raw avgThe real second-half added time he averaged — the trustworthy number, no model involved. | Expected | vs expectedRaw minus what the model predicts for his matches. Positive means he adds a touch more than the visible stoppages suggest. The model cannot see injuries or VAR-check length, so this is a lean, not a verdict. |
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A tendency, not a verdict — the model can't see injuries or VAR checks. Method →